Whiskey’s story is fascinating. This spirit, which has many cultural roots and is celebrated around the globe, takes a long journey. It is the journey that begins with simple ingredients, and culminates in a refined spirit, that is so fascinating.
Water, grain and yeast are the three main ingredients of whiskey. The grain–usually barley, wheat, rye or corn–is selected according to the whiskey type. Each grain has its own distinct character that is added to the finished product. It all begins during the malting stage for some types of whiskey. The grains are first soaked and germinated in water. Germination is the process that activates the enzymes to convert the starches of the grain into fermentable carbohydrates. After germination, grains are dried and roasted in a kiln to stop the process of germination. This creates malted grain that can be used for brewing.
Mashing is the next stage in the process, which involves grinding the malted grain or barley into coarse flour. In a mashing process, this flour is combined with hot water to extract sugars. It is now called the mash. The mixture is transferred to a fermentation vessel, where yeast will be added. The yeast has a vital role in converting sugars to alcohol and carbon dioxide. The fermentation, which may take several days to complete, turns the mash liquid into “wash,” a fluid with low levels of alcohol.
The wash will be ready to distill once fermentation has been completed. This is an important step in the production of whiskey. It is at the distillation stage that magic happens. In a still the wash is heated and the alcohol vapors will rise up the column, or pot, of the still. Pot ale (the remaining impurities) are then left behind. This vapor is then condensed to liquid. It is this higher-proof liquid, which is also known as “new spirit”, “white dog” and “white wine”. After aging, the raw spirit is transferred into barrels.
Whiskey’s character is developed through aging. In wooden barrels usually made of oak, the new-make spirit is kept. It is important to consider the barrel choice and aging method when determining the taste of whiskey. While the whiskey is aging, it reacts with the barrel, extracting flavor and going through chemical changes to mellow its taste. Changes in temperature and the whiskey’s air exposure also affect its taste. This process may take several years. In fact, some whiskeys mature for many decades.
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Bottled whiskey is the last step. After the whiskey reaches the age and taste profile desired, the barrels are removed. The whiskey may be dilute with water at this stage to get the proof desired. After filtering to remove all impurities it is then packaged. Each bottle captures the unique blend of ingredients, time and expertise, as well as the journey of the whiskey from the barrel to the bottle.
Whiskey’s entire journey, from the grains it is made of to the bottle that contains it, is a fascinating blend of tradition, art and science. The process is one that demands a high level of detail-oriented attention and knowledge. You’re enjoying more than just a beverage when you savor whiskey. It’s the culmination of an exciting journey spanning time and tradition.
